多层嵌套式政策工具选择:理论逻辑与中国实践Multi-layered Nested Policy Instrument Selection: Theoretical Logic and Chinese Practice
张剑,李鑫,姜玲
摘要(Abstract)：
如何选择合适的政策工具以实现特定政策目标，是公共政策研究的重要主题。当前我国政策工具研究仍存在套用西方话语体系的现象，尚未深刻理解与系统阐释政策工具选择的理论逻辑，也未充分挖掘其在我国独特治理体系中的特色实践内涵。本文尝试从政策工具类型选择、政策工具设计特征选择与政策工具选择整体调试三个维度，构建多层嵌套式政策工具选择理论框架，并进一步剖析嵌入我国本土治理情境下的政策工具选择逻辑。研究发现，政策工具选择是综合考虑政策工具属性及其交互关系、政府治理模式与偏好、政府资源与能力、目标群体特征等多元因素，实现多层嵌套“目标-工具”匹配关系的动态过程。我国国家制度和国家治理体系所塑造的政策设计逻辑，为政策工具选择提供了独特的价值引导、更丰富的类型选项、更强的制度韧性和更大的调试空间，在政策实践中呈现出鲜明的中国特色。本文的边际贡献在于构建了多层嵌套式政策工具选择理论框架，丰富了政策工具选择的解释机制，也为理解我国政策工具选择的逻辑机理提供了新的思路和方向。
关键词(KeyWords)： 多层嵌套;政策工具选择;政策设计;理论框架
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目“政策一致性的理论框架、动态测度与作用机制：以企业数字化绿色化协同转型发展为例”(项目批准号:72574248),“政策组合对企业创新行为的作用机制与情境模拟”(项目批准号:72074239)资助
作者(Author): 张剑,李鑫,姜玲
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- (1)战略性政策目标是特定政策领域中的长远愿景和战略意图,如“生态文明建设实现新进步”;策略性政策目标是战略目标的具体化,用以指导资源分配与行动规划,如“主要污染物排放总量持续减少”;操作性政策目标是策略目标的具体化,是对执行主体与目标群体的具体要求或明确的行动方案,如“2025年地级及以上城市空气质量优良天数比率提高到87.5%”。